Calculators

Every tool shows the formula and what each variable means — never just a number.

GDP (Expenditure Approach)
GDP
$18,800B
GDP = C + I + G + Xn
  • C — Personal consumption expenditures
  • I — Gross private domestic investment
  • G — Government spending on goods and services
  • Xn — Net exports (exports − imports)
Real GDP
Real GDP
$22,727B
Real GDP = (Nominal GDP / GDP Deflator) × 100
  • Nominal GDP — Output valued at current-year prices
  • GDP Deflator — Price index for domestic output (base year = 100)
GDP Deflator
GDP Deflator
110.1
GDP Deflator = (Nominal GDP / Real GDP) × 100
  • Nominal GDP — Output valued at current-year prices
  • Real GDP — Output valued at constant base-year prices
Inflation Rate
Inflation Rate
4.29%
Inflation Rate = ((CPI₂ − CPI₁) / CPI₁) × 100
  • CPI₁ — Price index in the earlier period
  • CPI₂ — Price index in the later period
Unemployment Rate
Labor Force
160M
Unemployment Rate
6.25%
Unemployment Rate = (Unemployed / Labor Force) × 100, Labor Force = Employed + Unemployed
  • Employed — People currently working
  • Unemployed — People without a job, actively seeking work
Spending & Tax Multipliers
Spending Multiplier
5.00
Tax Multiplier
-4.00
Potential ΔGDP
$250B
Spending Multiplier = 1 / (1 − MPC); Tax Multiplier = −MPC / (1 − MPC)
  • MPC — Marginal propensity to consume (0 < MPC < 1)
Real Interest Rate (Fisher Equation)
Real Interest Rate
2.80%
Real Interest Rate ≈ Nominal Interest Rate − Inflation Rate
  • Nominal rate — The stated interest rate
  • Inflation rate — Expected or actual inflation rate
Price Elasticity of Demand (Midpoint Method)
PED
0.58
Classification
Inelastic
PED = [ΔQ / ((Q1+Q2)/2)] ÷ [ΔP / ((P1+P2)/2)]
  • Q1, Q2 — Quantity before and after the price change
  • P1, P2 — Price before and after the change
Economic Profit
Total Revenue
$25,000
Accounting Profit
$7,000
Economic Profit
$3,000
Economic Profit = Total Revenue − (Explicit Costs + Implicit Costs)
  • Total Revenue — Price × Quantity sold
  • Explicit costs — Direct cash costs (rent, wages, materials)
  • Implicit costs — Opportunity cost of self-owned resources (e.g., forgone salary)
Total, Average & Marginal Cost
Total Cost
$1700
AFC / AVC / ATC
$5.00 / $12.00 / $17.00
Marginal Cost
$20.00
ATC = TC/Q = AFC + AVC; MC = ΔTC/ΔQ
  • TFC — Total fixed cost
  • TVC — Total variable cost at this quantity
  • Q — Quantity produced